Categories: Tax Planning

Who is responsible to file and pay Income Tax after death?

We all know the rules and regulations about filing IT Return when we are alive. However, many of us don’t know what the Income Tax rule states in case the death of the taxpayer. It is common that after the death of the taxpayer, his/her spouse, legal heirs or family members never filed an IT return. But it is the responsibility of spouse, legal heirs or family members to file the IT Return!!!

You never found any advertisement or publication about this from IT Department too. However, there is a section in Income Tax that specifically mentions the rules about this situation. The whole details are available in section 159 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (Act). According to section 159 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 (Act), if a person dies, then his legal representatives shall be liable to pay any sum which the deceased would have been liable to pay if he had not died, in the similar manner and to the same extent as the deceased.

Points to remember

  • The legal representative of the deceased shall, for the purposes of this Act, be deemed to be an assessee.
  • Any proceeding taken against the deceased before his death shall be deemed to have been taken against the legal representative and may be continued against the legal representative from the stage at which it stood on the date of the death of the deceased;
  • Any proceeding which could have been taken against the deceased if he had survived may be taken against the legal representative; and
  • All the provisions of this Act shall apply accordingly.
  • The tax must be payable from 1st April to death of the taxpayer.
  • There is no different process to file the return of a deceased taxpayer. It is same as you used to file IT return either through online or through offline.
  • Legal heir is not responsible to pay the income tax dues from his own pocket. But he is liable to pay the dues on behalf of the deceased income or assets. The legal heirs are liable up to the extent of the assets that they inherit. Let us say Mr.X died with an asset as an FD worth Rs.1, 00,000. However, his tax liability is Rs.1, 50,000. In that case, his legal heirs are responsible to pay only Rs.1, 00,000 but not for the remaining dues of Rs.50, 000.
  • If there is any refund due to the taxpayer, then such refund will be credited to the bank account of an income tax payee.

How to file the IT return on behalf of the deceased IT Payee?

1) The first step is to get the Legal Heir Certificate. According to a law below documents, are considered as valid.

  • Legal Heir Certificate issued by a court.
  • Legal Heir Certificate issued by local revenue authorities.
  • Surviving family member certificate issued by local revenue authorities.
  • The registered WILL.
  • The family pension certificate, issued by State/Central Govt.

2) Calculate the income of the deceased (exactly like an individual calculation and there is no change in this process). Before proceeding further, collect the below details as a proof.

  • Collect all bank statements of a deceased IT payer.
  • Collect Form 16 and 16a.
  • This collection of bank statements and the Form 16 or 16A makes sure to tally the income.

3) Get the notarized affidavit for filing IT return on behalf of a deceased.

So documents required for filing IT Return on behalf of the deceased are as below.

  1. a) Copy of Death Certificate
  2. b) PAN Card copy of deceased
  3. c) PAN Card of the legal heir (with self-attested)
  4. d) Legal Heir Certificate
  5. e) Notarized affidavit

Scan all above documents for uploading purpose.

4) Get the Digital signature Certificate (DSC) of legal heir. The list of such DSC providers is available HERE.

5) Once you completed above steps then you have to file IT Return. There are two types to file. One is online and another is offline. I will explain the both.

ONLINE PROCEDURE

The whole procedure is explained in the e – File portal. The same I am explaining below.

  • Login to e-File portal and go to my account to register yourself as a legal heir.
  • Provide the necessary details and upload the documents which I mentioned above.
  • Click on SUBMIT tab. The request will be sent to e-Filing Administrator.
  • e-Filing Administrator approve or disapprove after going through the details.
  • Notification will be sent to the registered email id of the legal heir.
  • Based on documents submitted IT Department allow you to file the IT return into two categories. One is a temporary legal heir. Because legal heirs failed to submit the legal heir certificate mentioned above. Such temporary legal heir can access the portal and upload the ITR/Forms, but unable to access all other services like add CA to submit audit forms (other than ITR) on behalf of the deceased.
  • The permanent legal heir (the one who submitted the valid legal heir documents) can file ITR/Forms or view status. He can use the portal exactly like an individual taxpayer. He can view Status of Income Tax Return/Forms, ITR-V Acknowledgment and other filing status of e-Filed, Returns/Forms in respect of the deceased or can also view the status of the request under My Request List menu, post Login.
  • Once, after approval of the application by e-Filing Administrator, legal heir can file IT return on behalf of deceased using legal heir login.
  • The legal heir should add his PAN Card in the verification part of IT form, validate, and generate xml of the return.

OFFLINE PROCEDURE

The legal heir must visit the concerned assessing officer (AO). Submit the documents, which I explained above. After verification, AO will approve to file the IT return. Once the legal heir gets the approval, then he can file the return on his own or can take the help of tax experts. The name should be mentioned as “late (name of deceased) through legal heir (name of the person filing)”.

Overall, the process is not so simple. Because once the taxpayer dies, then dependents must collect all documents listed above. After that, they must take an initiative to file the IT Return. Hence, it is best to advise your spouse or legal heirs about this important aspect of income tax.

BasuNivesh

View Comments

  • My wife expired in May 2021 due to covid, she was proprietor of a firm and we have a 12yr daughter only and she didn’t possess any property or asset, We received insurance amount and PPF , being nominee. The ITR of AY 2021-22& 22-23 is not filed. Legal heir certificate is also not made, because it was not required anywhere. Will we have to file her ITR

    • Dear Rajat,
      The amount received to you due to your spouse death is YOUR'S money. Hence, you have to show in your ITR.

  • Hello sir
    The legal heir shall be eligible for the income tax slab, deductions and rebate that the deceased would have been granted under Income tax “.

    Can you please tell me as my father expired on August 2022 he has pension income . So can I purchase 80 c now as legal heir on his behalf.

    Thanks in advance

  • Sir I handed over my 100 shares of a Ltd Co.without consideration to one my known person for custody without any Transfer Deed. The shares are still in my name & I am regularly getting dividend on those shares till March 2021. SEBI has prohibited physical transfer of shares as on March 2018.
    Now I have come to know that the said petson had expired in OCT/Nov.2020. I donot know the fate of my shares or the whereabouts of deceased's legal heir.
    SIR MY QUESTION IS WHETHER I CAN APPLY AND GET DUPLICATE SHARES, STANDING IN MY NAME (TILL DATE) WITH THE COMPANY WITHOUT ANY RISK OR WORRIES.?

    shares

    • Dear Avinash,
      Better you contact the company and it's R&T Agent for clarity.

  • Dear Basavaraj Tonagatti jee,
    I have gone through your article and found it very useful. I have gone through the replies also. I have few Questions in my mind and shall feel obliged if you kindly guide me:
    My wife who is a tax assessee has expired on 09.02.2021.
    1. She made tax Saver Deposit with Bank for Rs 150000/- in April 2020 but since she expired, I got it paid before maturity on 22.03.2021 i.e during the same financial year. Will she be eligible for Exemption under section 80 C or not for this investment?
    2. In case, I choose to go for new regime, the exemption of 30% for repair and maintenance of house would be exempted or not as she had income only from rent and interest.
    3. She had a registered will and I am the absolute beneficiary of all the assets. whether Registered will document is sufficient to prove that I am the legal heir?
    4. All assessments are clear till financial year 2019-2020 (AY 2020-2021)
    With regards
    R.K.GUPTA

  • Respected sir, My father want to stop business . He transferred assets on his name to my name before a week but my brother wanted to continue the business the Rc is on my father's name. Is it right in future is there any risk after my father

  • sir , my father died on 18/1/2018 and after death (1). we file itr for ay 2018-19 by using father login id and paid taxes. (2) and ay2019-20 no income not file itr (3) and fy2019-20 get a salary arear of 80000 and employer deducted tax on it 8000 so please provide a way of file itr for ay2020-21 and process of close pan card.

  • Dear sir
    My father expired on 7th june 2015 .
    My CA filed his return for the fy 2015-16
    Based on the request of the branch manager we did not transfer his fixed deposits.
    Since last 3 years his tds is reflected in form 26as.
    We have also not surrendered his pan and aadhar.
    Pls suggest what to do

    • Dear Ramnath,
      It is your fault that you not disclosed it to bank and not surrendered his PAN and Aadhaar. Now do the same immediately.

  • Assessee died in june 2019 , return for assessment year 2018-19 is filled as a legal heir in September , 2019, now for assessment year 2019-20 the return for 3 months is not accepted as legal heir ...what is the procedure to file return for assessment year 2019-20..

    • Hi,
      My father passed away in September 2019
      till AY 2019-20 he filed his return
      He had only Pension and FD Interest Income.
      Now all the FD's transferred to my Mom
      pension also will come to mom hence forth.
      Still do we need file return for my dad?
      do we need to show the source of income for my mom as hence forth return to be filed in her name?
      Regards,
      Meena

    • Dear Siddharth,
      It should be considered as the legal heir income and accordingly must be filed.

      • So if a person has died in July 2020, for FY19-20 the legal heir must file IT returns even though the person was living for that financial year? Kindly advice as we are in the process of filing the IT return which is to be done by 30-Nov-20

          • Thank Basavaraj. We will file return as legal heir for FY19-20 then.
            However, for my better understanding, will that pose any issues while filing IT returns again as a legal heir for FY20-21? I thought I read somewhere a legal heir can file return for the deceased only once and then the account of the deceased is deactivated.
            Secondly, my father is now receiving the family pension. So, we will be uploading the pension order section 3 (which provides details of family pension payable on the death of the pensioner.) while registering as legal heir. Is that ok? Also, my father and we 3 children are the legal heirs of my deceased mother. Now, can any one of us file her IT return given that we are uploading the Pension order or only my father can file her IT return. Please advice.

          • Dear Mabel,
            It is true that it is possible only once. In that case, you have to not file ITR for the year where he missed.

          • "In that case, you have to not file ITR for the year where he missed." means? for which year are you suggesting that we don't file ITR?

            Can't I file her IT return for FY19-20 by just adding myself as a representative by login to my mother's account and then file her tax returns? Will that be wrong?

          • Dear Mabel,
            "for which year are you suggesting that we don’t file ITR?"-For the year which he missed to file ITR.

          • sorry I think we have lost track.. this is a case of my deceased mother's IT return filing. We have never missed to file her ITR. She has filed her ITR regularly.

            Back to my question - since we can file her ITR as a legal heir only once which we will do so in FY20-21,
            For FY19-20, Can’t I file her IT return by just adding myself as a representative by login to my mother’s account and then file her tax returns? Will that be wrong?

          • Dear Mabel,
            This is what I am trying to say. If she not filed ITR for FY2019-20 and death happened in FY 2019-20, then you can file ITR for FY 2019-20.

Share
Published by
BasuNivesh

Recent Posts

EPF Scheme 2026: EPF, EPS and EDLI Rules Explained Fully

EPF Scheme 2026 explained fully: EPF withdrawal, EPS pension, and EDLI insurance changes with examples,…

4 days ago

Financial Freedom Without Health? You’ll Regret It Later

Chasing financial freedom? Do health, time, relationships and contentment matter just as much? Sadly, we…

6 days ago

The Peltzman Effect: Why Playing It Safe Can Make You Poor

Your "safe" SIPs, SGBs, PPF, or Index Funds are secretly sabotaging your wealth. Peltzman Effect…

2 weeks ago

Your Retirement Success Depends on Luck, Not Skill

Thinking your retirement plan is foolproof? Why LUCK - not asset or fund selection or…

2 weeks ago

Never Compare Nifty 50 Index Funds Vs Active Large Cap Funds!

Nifty 50 Index Funds Vs Active Large Cap Funds — Can we really compare them…

3 weeks ago

Nifty 500 Multicap 50:25:25 vs Nifty 500: Which Is Best?

Should you pick Nifty 500 Multicap 50:25:25, Nifty 500, or Nifty LargeMidcap 250 Index Fund?…

3 weeks ago